3. Which of the following statements regarding contingency management interventions is TRUE?

• There is little evidence that substance use is sensitive to the application of contingencies.
• Contrived contingencies are less likely to result in relapse to drug use following removal of the reinforcer.
• Naturalistic contingencies are less likely to maintain the initial gains made by the patient and to facilitate the sustained change of behavior over time.
• The goal is to increase the opportunity cost of substance use by arranging an environment where drug use results in the forfeiture of a predetermined item or privilege.